Introduction
Sponges have been around for more than 500 million years and have hardly
changed so far.
They are sessile animals that absorb ambient water through pores.
A sponge the size of a football can filter 3000 litres of water a day!
Agelas citrina
Agelas sponge
Maximum size: 100 cm
Maximum depth: 15 - 65 m
Thick, crusty and lobed growing sponge.
Appears orange when exposed to artificial light.
Very irregular shape.
Photo 1 Johnny: Bonaire Caribbean
Elephant ear sponge
Size: 60 - 180 cm
Depth 10 - 40 m
Massive, orange, thick and leathery.
Grainy surface, also as large, flat mats that resemble large ears.
Photos 1 - 2 Johnny: Bonaire Caribbean
Brown tube sponge
Length 30 - 90 cm
Depth 10 - 40 m
Soft-walled tubes in medium, yellow, grey-brown and lighter inside.
The photo shows the octopus arm growth form.
Photo 1 Johnny: Bonaire Caribbean
Branching tube sponge
Size: 15 - 45 cm
Depth 6 - 24 m
The group of tubes all originate from a common base.
Thanks to the numerous small bumps, they look dotted.
Colour variations: purple, yellow, orange, olive green.
Photo 1 Astrid: Bonaire Caribbean
Photos 2 - 3 Johnny: Bonaire Caribbean
Stove-pipe sponge
Size: 60 - 180 cm
Depth 15 - 30 m
Long, soft-walled, slender and thin tubes.
Lavender-coloured, grey to brown exterior.
Grows in groups and as a single specimen.
Photo 1 Johnny: Bonaire Caribbean
Row pore rope sponge
Size: 120 - 240 cm
Depth 12 - 40 m
The outflow openings form long rows and have protruding, thin, often lighter coloured edges.
They usually hang downwards, with the ends pointing upwards.
Variable colours, such as purple, red and lavender.
Photos 1 - 2 Johnny: Bonaire Caribbean
Aplysina lacunosa
Convoluted barrel sponge or Purple tube sponge
Maximum size: 35 cm
Maximum depth: ?
This type of sponge is found in the Caribbean on sandy areas in reefs and lagoons.
Always covered with sediments and algae.
Photo 1 Johnny: Bonaire Caribbean
Branching vaase sponge
Size: 15 - 90 cm
Depth 2 - 20 m
Stiff-walled, thin tubes, with many irregular, conical outgrowths.
Almost always in groups of 20 to 30 tubes.
In places with strong currents they form fans or vases.
Colour variations: brownish-grey, lavender, greenish-grey and occasionally light yellow-brown.
Photo 1 Johnny: Bonaire Caribbean
Callyspongia plicifera
Azure vase sponge
Maximum size: 15 - 45 cm
Maximum depth: 6 - 23 m
Vase-shaped, pink to purple with light blue fluorescence.
Strongly sculpted on the outside, with numerous twisted furrows and edges.
Photo 1 Astrid: Bonaire Caribbean
Colonial tube sponge
Maximum height: 1 m
Purple-coloured tubes that are sometimes branched.
Lives on hard substrate and is a host for shrimps and worms.
Photo 1 Johnny: Hurghada Egypt
Photo 2 Astrid: Hurghada Egypt
Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis
Orange-veined encrusting sponge
Maximum size: 10 - 30 cm
Maximum depth: 1 - 30 m
Very variable colours: orange-yellow, orange, cream, yellow, white, red, brown, cinnamon brown.
Soft consistency, slightly slimy and somewhat elastic.
Its surface is smooth, shiny with a striking vein pattern of the canal system.
Photo 1 Johnny: Bonaire Caribbean
Clathrina clathrus
Yellow clathrina
Size: depending on spread
The individual tubes can reach a diameter of 3 mm and form a dense lattice.
Photo 1 Johnny: Bangka Island North Sulawesi
Diplastrella megastellata
Red encrusting caribbean sponge
Size: 10 - 25 cm
Depth 7 - 23 m
Often covers the underside of overhangs, holes and caves.
Photo 1 Johnny: Bonaire Caribbean
Green finger sponge
Size: 30 - 90 cm
Depth 4 - 18 m
Numerous greenish, finger-like branches.
Can grow hanging down in structures, in tangled clumps, but also upright.
Photos 1 - 2 Johnny: Bonaire Caribbean
Monanchora arbuscula
Pink lumpy sponge
Maximum size: 80 cm
Maximum depth: 2 - 58 m
A beautifully patterned sponge that grows in the reef
in areas with a strong plankton supply.
Colour: red to orange.
Photo 1 Astrid: Bonaire Caribbean
Mycale (Mycale) laevis
Orange icing sponge
Maximum size: 10 - 50 cm
Maximum depth: 6 - 30 m
Gradually covers other creatures such as corals
and other sponges with a layer approx. 4 mm thick
Colour: Yellow, yellow-green, white and up to transparent.
Photo 1 Astrid: Bonaire Caribbean
Magnificent fire sponge or Toxic finger-sponge
Maximum size: 70 cm
Its branches are about 3 cm in diameter and are often branched.
This sponge lives in shallow lagoons and on sheltered reef slopes and in weak currents.
Extremely poisonous.
Favourite food of certain nudibranchs (see photo above)
Photos 1 - 2 Johnny: Hurghada Egypt
Touch me not sponge
Size: 30 - 120 cm
Depth 3 - 40 m
Solid, dark brown, felt-like and lumpy surface.
Grows in many different forms.
Photo 1 Johnny: Bonaire Caribbean
Niphates erecta
Lavender rope sponge
Maximum size: 1.80 m
Light pink to purple ropes with a porous, rough, textured surface.
Sparsely branched, tiny, eccentric openings
Photo 1 Johnny: Bonaire Caribbean
Orange lumpy encrustinge sponge
Size: 10 - 30 cm
Depth 4 - 23 m
Rough, orange surface, otherwise soft.
The outflow openings blend into the surface pattern.
Photo 1 Johnny: Bonaire Caribbean
Barrel sponge
Maximum height: 150 cm
Their overall shape is variable, often vase- or barrel-shaped.
The inner diameter can be up to 50 cm.
Various crustaceans are often found in the sponge.
Photos 1 - 2 Johnny: Bali Indonesia
Photo 3 Johnny: Moalboal Philippines